This paper summarises the results of studies related to working with visual display units (VDUs) and the associated risk factors for the upper limb. First, the analysis pattern and methodology are defined. Then, the data linked to work organization, stress and psychosocial factors are reviewed, along with data related to biomechanical demands and spatial organisation of the workplace (screen consultation, keyboard entry and mouse manipulation). This bibliographic review demonstrates that, when working with VDUs, the demands on the upper limb are numerous and varied. Stress and psychosocial factors can have a great impact on the entire upper limb, particularly at its root in the shoulder and neck area. Among the biomechanical demands, static posture also exerts a strong pressure on the root of the upper limb. Certain joint positions are also particularly demanding on this limb, particularly at the wrist and shoulder. Whatever the joint, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the upper limb is greater as the frequency and duration of these demands increases, even if they are often of low intensity. The concept of duration of exposure would, therefore, appear to be primordial. In addition, the demands are greater with the use of the mouse rather than the keyboard as they combine cognitive load, static posture and sometimes biomechanical exertion. Finally, this review highlights the conflict that exists between wrist and shoulder in the case of keyboard use : a reduction in demands placed on one of these joints increases demands on another. In terms of prevention, it is therefore vital to take the entire upper limb into consideration. More generally, the use of information appearing in this paper in order to support the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders with VDUs must adopt a global approach, taking into account all the factors identified.